ࡱ> Y QSbjbjWW ==$O,]nnnnnnnRRRR84lR 2VRhhh p$>!2#n# "# # nnhhSV# nhnh0hhnnnn# ;M0nnh*,2QRR'}$A New Users Guide to Geoplot By M R Holland  TOC \* MERGEFORMAT  Getting Started  PAGEREF _Toc526607312 \h 3 How Geoplot organises things.  PAGEREF _Toc526607313 \h 3 Naming Conventions  PAGEREF _Toc526607314 \h 4 What sitenames are there?  PAGEREF _Toc526607315 \h 4 What filenames are there?  PAGEREF _Toc526607316 \h 4 Table of Files  PAGEREF _Toc526607317 \h 5 Navigating the Geoplot Screens  PAGEREF _Toc526607318 \h 5 Using Geoplot  PAGEREF _Toc526607319 \h 6 Graphics.  PAGEREF _Toc526607320 \h 6 Shade  PAGEREF _Toc526607321 \h 6 Pattern  PAGEREF _Toc526607322 \h 6 Dot Density  PAGEREF _Toc526607323 \h 6 Trace  PAGEREF _Toc526607324 \h 6 What am I looking at?  PAGEREF _Toc526607325 \h 6 File  PAGEREF _Toc526607326 \h 7 Input  PAGEREF _Toc526607327 \h 7 Create  PAGEREF _Toc526607328 \h 7 Using the Resistivity Probes  PAGEREF _Toc526607329 \h 8 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc526607330 \h 8 Setting up the movable probes  PAGEREF _Toc526607331 \h 8 Setting up the remote probes  PAGEREF _Toc526607332 \h 8 Setting up the data logger  PAGEREF _Toc526607333 \h 8 Checking the menus  PAGEREF _Toc526607334 \h 8 Operation  PAGEREF _Toc526607335 \h 9 Surveying  PAGEREF _Toc526607336 \h 9 Laying out Grids  PAGEREF _Toc526607337 \h 10 Taking readings  PAGEREF _Toc526607338 \h 10  Getting Started You will need to know some basics (very basic) about the computer: How to switch it on How to start Windows Explorer How to start Geoplot Most of the rest of this document is about using Geoplot. This programme will ask you for information such as the site name and file name. You can easily find this from Windows Explorer so it is a good idea to have it running at the same time so you can use the Alt Tab key combination to switch from one programme to the other. How Geoplot organises things. The hard drive on this computer is where information is stored. Its name is C:\. It is divided into smaller storage areas called directories. One of these is called Geoplot and is where all the programmes and data are placed. This directory is further divided into subdirectories. Three of the most important for you to know of are called Grid, Mesh and Comp. Each of these three is further divided into a subdirectory for each site for which you have data, and the data files themselves are stored there. In the picture above you can see the Geoplot directory with the Grid subdirectory opened to show the sites. GB1 is open and you can see its data files in the right hand part of the screen. So when Geoplot asks you for a site name, you can choose any of the site subdirectories under Grid and any file name under that site. Of course, if you are looking at a mesh or composite, you must choose site names and file names under Mesh and Comp. Having Windows Explorer open when you are using Geoplot means you can easily find this information. Naming Conventions You need to know what naming conventions are used. Currently (September 2001), all Gerards Bromley files are stored under the sitename gb1. thus:- C:\GEOPLOT\GRID\GB1\ for grid files C:\GEOPLOT\MESH\GB1\ for mesh files C:\GEOPLOT\COMP\GB1\ for composite files However, you do not need to know these file paths, just as long as you can provide the sitename, Geoplot will figure out where the files are for you. What sitenames are there? Currently, there are the following sitenames:- ALD1 Aldridge CHATS Chatsworth House (may have been supplied with Geoplot) DUDLEY Surveys of Dudley Castle. GAL1 Galton House and pumping station at Bridge Street GB1 Gerards Bromley GCEM,GGRV,GPIPE,GMEADOW,RSOUT These may be demonstrations for the Geoplot tutorial What filenames are there? Geoplot will ask you for file names for grids, meshes and composites. We have adopted a naming convention to help you remember the file names and to help you assign new file names when needed. File names must be no longer than 8 characters. The first 2 characters tell you the position in the site, the next is a number. For example at Gerards Bromley, GA Garden area to the east of the farmhouse. A6 Area 6 which is adjacent to the east face of the farmhouse TE Terrace area on a slope to the south of the farmhouse. A new location should be assigned a new designation so, if Area1 is surveyed, its filenames will begin with A1. Each location will have a number of grids which were downloaded from the datalogger. The garden area thus has grids GA1 to GA16, Area 6 has A6-1 to A6-12 and the Terrace TE1 to TE4. The naming convention suggests that further geophysical surveys of the garden area, for example, should have the new grids named from GA17 Now, a mesh is an array of grids, so the mesh file name should reflect this. A61-12 is a mesh template consisting of Area6 grids numbers 1 to 12. Similarly GA1-16 and TE1-4. A composite should follow the same naming strategy, it is suggested that it is given the same name as the mesh which created it. It is useful to keep the filenames less than 8 characters so that if you do any processing and save the file, you can add suffixes to create a different file name. This way you can indicate what has been done as well as keep the original file. For example, GA1-8dli is a Garden area mesh of grids 1 to 8 which has been despiked has had a low pass filters and interpolation done. GA1-8 is still there for different processing if needed. Table of Files SitenameFileTypeDescriptionALD1A1-17MeshMound at AldridgeGB1A61-12MeshArea 6 between farmhouse and trackGB1GA1-16MeshGarden area east of farmhouse ? circular feature GB1TE1-4MeshTerrace area south of farmhouseGBIAINTE1-3MeshAlso terrace, position not yet definedGAL1GA1-4MeshFlat area near Telford WayGAL1G1-4MeshPumping stationCHATS1, 2, 3M & Comp3 plots of Chatsworth houseDUDLEYCascomp1,2CompDudley CastleGCEM1CompositeUnknownGGRV1CompositeUnknownGMEADOW1CompositeMagnetometer, circular featureGPIPE2CompositeUnknownRSOUT1,2CompositeMagnetometer, unknownNavigating the Geoplot Screens On the Archaeology Group Compuadd computer you start Geoplot by double clicking on the paper and pencil icon on the tool bar at the bottom left hand side of the screen (Windows Explorer is the magnifying glass next to it). On the laptop, there is a Geoplot icon on the desktop, single click on this one (Windows explorer is on the toolbar at the bottom of the screen). The programme starts and asks you to press the enter key then gives you a blue screen with the following menu at the top File Edit View Graphics Process Options Shell Quit GEOPLOT 2.01 417K Press the initial letter to get a submenu. For example, if you press O. a drop-down menu appears with further options File Edit View Graphics Process Options Shell Quit GEOPLOT 2.01 F file path G Graphics P Printer D Data transfer T Text Choose the letter for the option you want or press the up/down arrow key to choose another menu item. Some keys have special functions. Enter. Very often, this key accepts the current screen and goes on to the next. If you have not filled in all the fields, you may get an error message. Up/down arrows. Use these to move from one field to the next to complete data entry. Sometimes a blank field needs you to enter information such as the location name by typing it in, sometimes you can select from a preprogrammed set of choices using the tab ((|) key. Esc. This is a very useful key, it takes you back to a previous screen and also clears the drop-down menus on the top line. Alt/Tab This is a useful key combination. Whilst holding the Alt key down, press the tab key. Repeated pressing takes you through all the open applications. Release the Alt key when the application you want is showing. This gives you a very quick and easy way to go from Geoplot to Windows Explorer and back. Using Geoplot There is no substitute for the manual, but like all manuals, the writers of the programme were obliged to put everything in. Use this guide to get you started, but please refer to the manual for more in-depth information. The following descriptions describe the main menu commands. They are in no particular order, just the way I met them. Graphics. You will be asked for site name, file name and file format. You already know how to find the site name and file name from Windows Explorer, you need to decide on which file format to use. Grid. This plots the data from one of your data grids. Mesh. Here, several grids are put together to give a combined plot. Composite. The difference between composite and mesh is that composite files actually contain all the data needed for the display, mesh files just contain the grid references and biases in the correct order. Each of the different types of plot has different sets of parameters which can be accessed by pressing the F4 key. Try changing to a different set and changing the values in the parameter box. Shade Each data point in the grid is represented as a square of a different shade of grey. Pattern Each data point is represented as a different pattern of black and white dots. Dot Density Each data point is represented by a random pattern of dots of different density. Trace Each data point is represented by a line of different height which produces a contour map. What am I looking at? Currently, the Archaeology group can only take resistivity measurements. This is where a current is passed through the soil and the resistance between two probes is measured. During the survey, each probe reading is saved in a data logger. Later on, this data is downloaded to the computer and Geoplot attempts to make sense of it. The current through the soil is carried by salts dissolved in the soil water. If the subsoil is dry (perhaps there are the remains of a wall or a stone structure) the resistance will be high, metal objects, as you might expect will give a low resistance. Geoplot displays these changes of resistance as different patterns or as a trace. It is the human brains ability to make sense of patterns which tells you what might be there. File Input This is where you download data. Plug the datalogger serial cable into COM2 at the back of the computer. This is the small socket next to the mouse socket. Press I to select Input from the File menu Press G to select Geoscan. Press enter. Press A for resistivity Press A again for RM15. Fill in the site name (check if there are any naming conventions here, you dont want to overwrite existing filese with new data). Press enter. This screen shows the file transfer parameters. At this point check that the Baud rate is the same as on the datalogger and change it if needed (check what the datalogger is set to , Press menu then 5). The two baud rates MUST be the same or the download will not work. Press enter. Now fill in the file names to be given to each file as it is downloaded (probably simplest to use 1, 2, 3 etc.). You need to press Control Enter to accept. At this point you are ready to download. Switch the datalogger on, then press enter, then press DUMP on the datalogger in THAT order. If file transfer is successful you will be told. Create Use this option to create a Composite (from a pre-existing Mesh) or a new Mesh (this is where you can tell it the order of the grids). Using the Resistivity Probes Introduction Although these instructions may cover several pages, it is really quite easy to set up the RM 15 and its probes. You should be able to set everything up within 5 minutes, a little longer if you need to adjust the resistance using the remote probes. Basically, you take readings at intervals by walking up and down a square grid previously laid out on the ground. The data logger records the resistance between the remote and moveable probes automatically for you. When all readings have been taken they can be downloaded into a computer and analysed using the Geoplot programme. Setting up the movable probes Attach the data logger to the probe frame using the captive screws (no need to tighten too hard). Connect the moveable probe plug to the moveable probe socket on the data logger. The plug and socket can only fit together one way round, you might have to rotate the plug to get the moulding and pins in alignment. Push firmly home and then tighten the locking ring. Setting up the remote probes These should be inserted into the ground at least 15 metres from the nearest point at which you intend to take measurements. This will ensure that the resistance readings are not affected to any significant extent by the changing distance between the mobile and remote probes. Unroll all the cable from the drum, there should be none coiled up. Connect the probes to the sockets on the drum by means of the read and black leads. Push the probes into the ground so they are about 1 metre apart Connect the plug on the end of the cable into the remote probe socket on the data logger. Use the cable grip to clip the cable to the frame. Setting up the data logger Switch the data logger on (it is the rotary switch on the side, turn it to ON-INT). The data logger remembers the settings from the last time it was used, so you should check these to make sure they are correct for your use. Checking the menus The settings can be accessed through a menu, press the MENU button, and the 5 submenus accessed by the buttons numbered 1 to 5. The items in each submenu can be selected by the up and down arrows and changed by the left and right arrows. The END MENU button takes you up to the menu and pressing it once again takes you out. Menu 1 This menu sets the values for the data points Grid size Set this to the grid size you are using, usually 10 or 20 metres Sample interval The distance between readings, usually 1 metre Traverse interval The distance between traverses, usually 1 metre Traverse mode Commonly Zig-Zag, but can be parallel Menu 2 This menu sets the electrical parameters Gain X1 is the usual setting for resistivity Current 1mA for resistivity Menu 3 Battery voltage Battery voltage This should read about 10.6 volts for a fully charged battery. The unit needs an overnight charge after use. Menu 4 Hardware Hardware PA1 Is the correct programme for resistivity Configuration Twin twin probes are used Probe sep. 0.5m Menu 5 Data transmission speed Baud Rate Set this to 9600 baud, make sure that Geoplot is set to the same baud rate when you come to download data. Data Separator No space (this defines how the data is sent). Operation If you are sure that you no longer need any of the stored data, press ENABLE LOG, press and hold the CLEAR MEM button and wait for 4 beeps. Check the data logger reading. This can give you a guide as to what type of ground you are taking readings in. If your first grid is adjacent to one that has already been measured, it helps if the reading of the first point is similar to the last reading of the previous grid. To match up the readings, get a helper to change the distance between the remote probes. Moving closer together will increase the reading and vice versa. The data logger sends a moderate voltage to the remote probes so switch the unit off while they are being moved to avoid a mild shock (about 40 volts). This process matches the resistivity of the new grid to the resistivity of the old adjacent grid and helps the Geoplot display. If you cannot do this (you may not know the reading from the old grid), dont worry, Geoplot can compensate. When you are ready, put the probes in the ground at the first location, press the ENABLE LOG button then the START button. The data logger will take the first reading. A more detailed description of taking readings is in the next section. Surveying Resistivity measurements are done in 10 or 20 metre square grids. Before laying these out on the ground, try to visualise how the grids will relate to each other on the ground and on the computer screen. The grids must be generated the same way, Geoplot will draw the traverse line horizontally on the screen. When taking measurements, ideally, start at the top left hand corner of the grid. The first traverse line is then towards the top right hand corner. Note the compass direction of this line and also order in which the grids are generated, this will be the order in which the files are downloaded to Geoplot. It does not matter which order this is, so long as you know what it is so you can specify it later when creating the mesh. You will find it useful to arrange the grids so that the next one starts where the previous one finishes where possible. Suggested layouts are 1( 2( 3( 4( 1( 3( 5( 7( 2( 4( 6( 8( 1( 1( 5( 2( 2( 6( 3( 3( 7( 4( 4( 8( Where (indicates the traverse direction Grids must all be the same size and orientation. Any missing grids can be replaced with a dummy grid later. Make a drawing of how the grids relate to each other, you will need this to put the grids together in a mesh template, for example: X( Grid 1 X( Grid 3X( Grid 2X( Grid 4 X( Grid 6X( Grid 5Where X( marks the start point and traverse direction. The grids were measured in the order Grid1, Grid2, Grid3 etc. Later on, you will find it useful to add to this diagram the site name and mesh name and file it with the site records. Laying out Grids Having decided where your first grid will go, put a peg in the ground to mark the first corner and run a tape from it at least 20 metres to mark the first side and second corner. Using 2 tapes stationed at each end of the first side, mark up the third corner. One tape is a side (10 or 20 metres), the other is a diagonal (14.14 for a 10 metre square, 28.28 for a 20 metre square) where they meet is the corner. Repeat for the fourth corner then recheck the diagonals. They should agree to within 5cm. It is important to get this first square positioned correctly and square or all your subsequent grids will be out. You should also tie it in to known points on the site, either a site grid point or prominent object such as the corner of a building or telegraph post. Make a drawing of this in the site records. You can either:- Measure from one corner to two points Measure from two corners to one point. The latter is better as it fixes the orientation of the first side. Now the traverse lines must be laid. These are wires marked at half metre intervals with tape. Lay the first one in the direction of traverse, one metre in from the side. Lay as many others as you can at 2 metre intervals, the last should be 1 metre in from the far side. Taking readings Having enabled the log put the probes in the ground for the first reading. This will be half a metre in from a side and adjacent to the first traverse wire. Press the start button and the data logger will take the first reading. Now put the probes in 1 metre further along using the half metre markings on the traverse wires as a guide. Keep taking readings at 1 metre intervals, each time you put the probes in the ground, the data logger will beep. When you reach the end of a line you will get a long beep. Turn round and come back along the same traverse wire (but on the other side of it). At the end of the first traverse wire and the second line, move to the next traverse wire. When you reach the end of the grid, the datalogger will beep twice. Leave the probes in the ground unless you are ready to move straight on to the next grid. If you take a reading by accident, you can delete it by pressing the DEL key. If you cannot take a reading, for example, there is a hedge in the way or a path crosses press the DUMMY LOG key. If you put dummy readings in at the end of a line, you may have to enter the same number of dummy entries to start the new line. The easy way to do this is to press END LINE and then IMAGE LINE on the datalogger. 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